Effective sprint training requires an in-depth understanding of the physiological demands sprinters face as they accelerate and maintain high speeds. This deep dive will explore a study by Dorn, Schache, and Pandy (2012) highlighting the muscular strategy shifts that occur as sprinters increase their running speed. This article explores the findings of their study, discusses the key muscular adaptations, and provides practical implications for coaches working with sprinters and distance runners.

Key Findings
Dorn et al. (2012) revealed that as athletes increase their speed, they shift from relying on the ankle plantarflexors (soleus and gastrocnemius) to the hip muscles for achieving further acceleration. This change occurs around the 7 m/s mark, which is particularly relevant for sprinters who race at speeds consistently above this threshold.

1. Below 7 m/s: The Role of Stride Length
   At lower speeds, up to around 7 m/s, increasing stride length is the primary mechanism for improving running velocity. The soleus and gastrocnemius play a significant role in generating vertical ground reaction forces that propel the body upwards and forwards. This action enhances the time the sprinter spends in the air, contributing to a longer stride.
2. Above 7 m/s: The Shift to Stride Frequency
   As speed increases, ground contact time decreases, limiting the effectiveness of the ankle plantarflexors. The force-velocity relationship of muscles means that at higher velocities, the ability of the soleus and gastrocnemius to generate force diminishes. Beyond 7 m/s, the focus shifts to increasing stride frequency, which is achieved through faster leg swing facilitated by the hip muscles—specifically the iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, and hamstrings.

Source

• Muscular strategy shift in human running: dependence of running speed on hip and ankle muscle performance (Dorn, Schache, and Pandy, 2012)

In this episode our AI hosts provide a comprehensive guide to the 400m hurdles. It's your Introduction to Coaching the 400m Hurdles Masterclass!

We explore the technical and tactical aspects of the event, starting with a breakdown of the requirements for success and drills to help athletes develop them. The episode then details the mechanics of a successful hurdle clearance, emphasising the need for a smooth, efficient sprinting action, both between and over the hurdles.

Finally, the hosts look at the essential elements of coaching the event. Including planning, injury prevention, drill progressions, cueing and more.

Source
Coaching the 400m Hurdles

This episode discusses Athletics Australia's "Strength for Sprinting" guide, exploring the concept of specificity in strength training and highlighting how different training parameters can influence the transfer of gym gains to sprinting performance.

The article examines five key factors: velocity, muscle group, muscle action, direction of force, and joint angle, demonstrating how training must be tailored to these specific aspects to maximise performance improvement. It argues that strength training should mirror the demands of sprinting, emphasising exercises that replicate the high-velocity, multi-joint movements and specific muscle activation patterns required for optimal speed and power.

Source

• Strength for Sprinting - Connecting Gym Gains with Sprinting Performance