• How AWS sees the AI landscape for sustainability evolving
    Nov 8 2024
    In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we explore the role artificial intelligence can play in advancing sustainability outcomes — and how the energy demands from generative AI programs could change over time. We talk with Hussein Shel, Chief Technologist and Head of Upstream Digital Transformation, Energy and Utility at Amazon Web Services (AWS), a cloud-computing and technology services company and a subsidiary of Amazon. AI has been a major focus at sustainability events throughout 2024 and will be a topic at the UN’s COP29 climate change conference in Baku, Azerbaijan, which begins Nov. 11. In the interview, Hussein explains how AWS is leveraging AI, machine learning and more efficient computing hardware to address sustainability challenges, particularly in optimizing energy usage and integrating renewables onto the grid. "Most of these models are getting more and more optimized,” Hussein says. “They're becoming more and more intelligent ... reducing potentially the consumption of energy needed to retrain." This interview took place on the sidelines of The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider was an official podcast during Climate Week NYC. Listen to our interview with the head of the Electric Power Research Institute on how AI is driving up electricity demand: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/ceraweek-how-energy-transition-discussions-are-shifting This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.
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    15 mins
  • How fixed income is evolving to fill gaps in sustainable finance
    Nov 1 2024
    Today marks the end of COP16, the UN’s biodiversity-focused Conference of the Parties in Cali, Colombia. The UN’s climate change conference, COP29, is slated to begin Nov. 11 in Baku, Azerbaijan. One common thread in these events is the challenge of addressing the big financing gaps for a range of sustainability issues — including climate, nature, and social equity. In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we explore how the fixed income market is evolving to help fill in some of those sustainable finance gaps. We talk with Stephen Liberatore, Head of ESG and Impact for Global Fixed Income at Nuveen. Nuveen is a global asset manager with about $1.2 dollars trillion in total assets under management. “One of the things that is really important to our investors is that we look for issuers and issues that have environmental benefit or environmental stewardship,” Stephen says. “The issues that they're trying to identify and invest in are longer-term issues. They're not things that are going to be resolved overnight.” This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.
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    23 mins
  • How companies are advancing low-carbon solutions
    Oct 25 2024
    The UN's big climate change conference, COP29, starts Nov. 11 in Baku, Azerbaijan. In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we're exploring technology solutions for the low-carbon transition, including in developing countries. We talk with Vaishali Sinha, Co-founder and Chairperson of Sustainability at ReNew, a decarbonization solutions company deploying renewables and other low-carbon technologies in India. "A global mindset is what is required in some of these very new and emerging technologies — and we must work together to be able to solve for it," Vaishali tells us. We also talk with Holly Paeper, President of the Commercial HVAC Americas business at Trane Technologies, a building technology and energy solutions company. Holly says tackling Scope 3 indirect supply chain emissions is the "next frontier" for Trane Technologies and other companies working in the built environment. "The challenge is huge in the built environment," she says. "The good news is there's technology that exists today to change that, and we're really starting to see more and more customer demand for those solutions." We also sit down with Garrett Quinn, Chief Sustainability Officer at Smurfit Westrock, a sustainable paper and packaging company with operations in dozens of countries. Garrett describes some of the ways the company is looking to lower its emissions. We talked with today’s guests on the sidelines of The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider was an official podcast during Climate Week NYC. Listen to last week's episode "Talking climate finance ahead of COP29" here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/talking-climate-finance-ahead-of-cop29 This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.
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    27 mins
  • Talking climate finance ahead of COP29
    Oct 18 2024
    In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we’re talking climate finance ahead of COP29, the UN climate change conference taking place in Baku, Azerbaijan in November 2024. Scaling climate and clean energy financing will be a major focus at COP29, which many are calling the “finance COP.” Both the public and private sector will play a role in addressing the massive climate financing gap for developing countries, including through blended finance. To learn more, we speak to Vijay Bains, Chief Sustainability Officer and Group Head of Environmental, Social and Governance at Emirates NBD, the largest bank in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. COP28 took place in Dubai in 2023, and Vijay explains how the event acted as a “lightning bolt” to bring global attention to sustainability in the region. We also speak to Marina Severinovsky, Head of Sustainability North America at asset manager Schroders, about the role that policy and regulations can play in helping financial institutions unlock private investment in climate and other sustainability issues.  And we hear about the importance of a just transition that deploys capital to the regions that need it most in an interview with Prerna Divecha, Head of Climate and ESG Credit Risk Solutions at S&P Global Market Intelligence. We conducted these interviews at The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider was an official podcast during Climate Week NYC. Listen to last week’s episode, Breaking down barriers to find climate solutions: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/breaking-down-barriers-to-find-climate-solutions Read S&P Global’s Climate Week key takeaways here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/insights/featured/special-editorial/5-big-ideas-we-re-taking-from-climate-week-nyc-to-cop16-and-cop29 This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.
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    22 mins
  • Breaking down barriers to find climate solutions
    Oct 11 2024
    Throughout Climate Week NYC, we heard about the importance of collaborating across silos to find solutions to climate change, the energy transition and nature loss. In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast we hear concrete examples of what that looks like in practice. We speak with two climate scientists about how their organizations are working to communicate across disciplines and build partnerships that can inform areas like policy and urban planning: -Terry Thompson is Chief Science Officer at the S&P Global Climate Center of Excellence -Kevin Reed is Chief Climate Scientist at the New York Climate Exchange and a Professor at Stony Brook University. We also speak to Marina Severinovsky, Head of Sustainability North America at asset manager Schroders, who says the role of policy in enabling solutions was one key Climate Week takeaway. “The biggest thing that's blown me away entirely is the amount of discussion about policy advocacy and engagement of policymakers,” she tells us. And to understand how the private sector is partnering with government, we sit down with Shannon Thomas Carroll, Assistant Vice President of Global Environmental Sustainability at AT&T. Shannon explains how the telecommunications giant teamed up with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the US Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory to launch a climate risk and resilience portal for US communities. We conducted these interviews at The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider was an official podcast during Climate Week. Read S&P Global’s Climate Week key takeaways here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/insights/featured/special-editorial/5-big-ideas-we-re-taking-from-climate-week-nyc-to-cop16-and-cop29 Listen to our previous interview with Terry Thompson here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/how-the-canadian-wildfires-impact-business-net-zero-health Learn more about the S&P Global Climate Center of Excellence here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/climate-center-excellence Learn about S&P Global Sustainable1 Physical Climate Risk data here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/solutions/physical-climate-risk-solutions This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.
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    28 mins
  • Why climate literacy matters for business, growing the green workforce
    Oct 4 2024
    At Climate Week NYC 2024, many conversations focused on improving public understanding of climate change — also known as climate literacy. In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast we explore how increasing climate literacy can help prepare the future workforce for the green job opportunities that will come with the low-carbon transition. We sit down on the sidelines of The Nest Climate Campus with Kathleen Rogers, President of Earthday.org. This is a nonprofit that grew out of the first Earth Day in 1970 and has a goal of raising public awareness about environmental issues. We also talk with Frank Niepold, Senior Climate Education Coordinator at the Climate Program Office of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Frank co-authored a new interagency climate literacy guide for educators, communicators, and decisionmakers. To understand how culture can help educate about climate change, we speak to AY Young, a United Nations Young Leader who uses his music to spread awareness about sustainability issues including the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals. And we hear how some companies are approaching the topic in interviews with Gayle Schueller, Senior Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer at technology and manufacturing company 3M; and Holly Paeper, President of the Commercial HVAC Americas business at Trane Technologies, a building technology and energy solutions company. Listen to our prior episodes from Climate Week NYC 2024 here: Kicking off Climate Week NYC with an urgent to-do list: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/kicking-off-climate-week-nyc-with-an-urgent-to-do-list CDP CEO talks climate, nature and the future of sustainability disclosure: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/cdp-ceo-talks-climate-nature-and-the-future-of-sustainability-disclosure Audubon CEO on why bird loss indicates a planet in crisis: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/audubon-ceo-on-why-bird-loss-indicates-a-planet-in-crisis SBTi interim CEO on what’s next for net-zero standards: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/sbti-interim-ceo-on-what-s-next-for-net-zero-standards California state senator talks climate disclosure featuring: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/california-state-senator-talks-climate-disclosure This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.
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    31 mins
  • California state senator talks climate disclosure
    Sep 27 2024
    In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast we sit down with California State Senator Henry Stern at Climate Week NYC. Sen. Stern introduced one of two climate laws that California enacted in 2023, Senate Bill 261, which requires certain companies to prepare reports on climate change risks. The other, Senate Bill 253, requires certain companies to estimate and publicly disclose their greenhouse gas emissions. The senator discusses the California laws and the future of climate disclosure in an interview on the sidelines of The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider was an official podcast during Climate Week. “We're facing a gauntlet of climate risk, and so we have the authority to get ahead of that and know what's coming,” Sen. Stern says. Listen to all our Climate Week NYC 2024 coverage: SBTi interim CEO on what’s next for net-zero standards https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/sbti-interim-ceo-on-whats-next-for-net-zero-standards/id1475521006?i=1000670844563 Audubon CEO on why bird loss indicates a planet in crisis https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/audubon-ceo-on-why-bird-loss-indicates-a-planet-in-crisis/id1475521006?i=1000670718846 CDP CEO talks climate, nature and the future of sustainability disclosure: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cdp-ceo-talks-climate-nature-and-the/id1475521006?i=1000670602329 Kicking off Climate Week NYC with an urgent to-do list: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kicking-off-climate-week-nyc-with-an-urgent-to-do-list/id1475521006?i=1000670460020 SBTi interim CEO on what’s next for net-zero standards https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/sbti-interim-ceo-on-whats-next-for-net-zero-standards/id1475521006?i=1000670844563 And listen to the episode we released about the SEC’s climate disclosure rule here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/unpacking-the-sec-s-climate-disclosure-rule This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.
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    16 mins
  • SBTi interim CEO on what’s next for net-zero standards
    Sep 26 2024
    In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we sit down at Climate Week NYC with Sue Jenny Ehr, the interim CEO of the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). SBTi is a nonprofit that develops standards, tools and guidance to allow companies to set greenhouse gas emissions reductions targets in line with what is needed to reach net-zero by 2050 at latest. Sue took on the interim CEO role in July 2024. In the interview, she talks about how SBTi is evolving — including its approach to revising its corporate net-zero standard. "We want to ensure as we become more formal and structured and robust and scale up that we continue to listen to what the climate community needs and do our best to address those needs," Sue tells us on the sidelines of The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider is an official podcast. Listen to all our Climate Week NYC 2024 coverage: Audubon CEO on why bird loss indicates a planet in crisis https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/audubon-ceo-on-why-bird-loss-indicates-a-planet-in-crisis/id1475521006?i=1000670718846 CDP CEO talks climate, nature and the future of sustainability disclosure: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cdp-ceo-talks-climate-nature-and-the/id1475521006?i=1000670602329 Kicking off Climate Week NYC with an urgent to-do list: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kicking-off-climate-week-nyc-with-an-urgent-to-do-list/id1475521006?i=1000670460020 Learn more about our podcast presence at Climate Week NYC: https://spgi-mkto.spglobal.com/ESG-Insider-at-Climate-Week.html Read the latest thought leadership from S&P Global Sustainable1 here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/insights/featured/sustainability-journal/fall-2024-special-edition This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.
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    19 mins