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Chapter 3.10 discusses fluoroquinolones, a synthetic class of broad-spectrum antibacterial medications that inhibit bacterial DNA replication. Used to treat pneumonia, skin, and urinary tract infections, they are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Caution is needed due to the risk of serious side effects such as tendon rupture, neuropathy, and photosensitivity. Patients should avoid antacids and direct sunlight while taking this medication.

1. Fluoroquinolones work by:
   a) Inhibiting protein synthesis
   b) Disrupting cell wall synthesis
   c) Blocking DNA replication
   d) Inhibiting RNA synthesis
2. Which of the following is a serious side effect of fluoroquinolones?
   a) Weight gain
   b) Tendon rupture
   c) Increased appetite
   d) Hair loss
3. Fluoroquinolones should be taken:
   a) With milk
   b) With antacids
   c) Two hours before or after meals
   d) With calcium supplements
4. Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children except for:
   a) Ear infections
   b) Common cold
   c) Complicated UTIs
   d) Allergies
5. Patients on fluoroquinolones should avoid:
   a) Sun exposure
   b) Drinking water
   c) Vegetables
   d) Carbohydrates

1. c) Blocking DNA replication
2. b) Tendon rupture
3. c) Two hours before or after meals
4. c) Complicated UTIs
5. a) Sun exposure

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In this episode we return to turning the open educational nursing resource for nursing pharmacology into audio, we'll start with the 1st edition antimicrobials then move on to the new second edition with the next topic.

Chapter 3.7 of the Nursing Pharmacology guide discusses carbapenems, a broad-spectrum class of antibiotics used for serious, multidrug-resistant infections. These drugs disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis and are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They are administered intravenously and monitored for allergic reactions, particularly in those with penicillin or cephalosporin allergies. Patient education includes watching for signs of superinfection and potential side effects, even weeks after treatment.

1. Carbapenems primarily work by:
   a) Inhibiting protein synthesis
   b) Disrupting cell wall synthesis
   c) Blocking RNA replication
   d) Preventing DNA transcription
2. Carbapenems are most commonly used for:
   a) Mild respiratory infections
   b) Life-threatening, multidrug-resistant infections
   c) Treating viral infections
   d) Managing chronic pain
3. What is a critical consideration before administering carbapenems?
   a) Monitoring liver enzymes
   b) Checking for penicillin or cephalosporin allergies
   c) Testing for heart rate
   d) Evaluating blood pressure
4. How are carbapenems typically administered?
   a) Orally
   b) Topically
   c) Intravenously
   d) Subcutaneously
5. Patients should contact their healthcare provider if they experience:
   a) Increased appetite
   b) Fever and bloody diarrhea
   c) Mild headaches
   d) Weight gain

1. b) Disrupting cell wall synthesis
2. b) Life-threatening, multidrug-resistant infections
3. b) Checking for penicillin or cephalosporin allergies
4. c) Intravenously
5. b) Fever and bloody diarrhea

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In this episode we return to turning the open educational nursing resource for nursing pharmacology into audio, we'll start with the 1st edition antimicrobials then move on to the new second edition with the next topic.

Chapter 3.6 of the Nursing Pharmacology guide focuses on cephalosporins, a class of antibiotics similar to penicillins. The chapter covers their mechanism (cell wall disruption), indications (skin, bone, respiratory infections), different generations with expanding spectra, and administration considerations. It also highlights monitoring for allergies, renal impairment, and possible disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol. Patient education emphasizes avoiding alcohol and reporting signs of superinfection.

1. Cephalosporins work primarily by:
   a) Inhibiting protein synthesis
   b) Disrupting cell wall synthesis
   c) Altering DNA replication
   d) Blocking RNA transcription
2. Which generation of cephalosporins is effective against MRSA?
   a) 1st generation
   b) 2nd generation
   c) 4th generation
   d) 5th generation
3. What side effect may occur when consuming alcohol with cephalosporins?
   a) Increased appetite
   b) Hair loss
   c) Disulfiram-like reaction
   d) Drowsiness
4. Patients with allergies to penicillin might also react to:
   a) Cephalosporins
   b) Tetracyclines
   c) Aminoglycosides
   d) Fluoroquinolones
5. What should be monitored when administering cephalosporins to a patient with renal impairment?
   a) Blood pressure
   b) Liver enzymes
   c) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
   d) Heart rate

1. b) Disrupting cell wall synthesis
2. d) 5th generation
3. c) Disulfiram-like reaction
4. a) Cephalosporins
5. c) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

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