🎧 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Nursing Care: Diagnosis, Interventions & Patient Management
In today’s episode, we break down nursing care for CKD patients, covering:
🔹 Symptoms like fluid retention, fatigue, and electrolyte imbalance
🔹 Nursing diagnoses, including risk for electrolyte imbalance
🔹 Interventions like low-sodium diets, diuretics, and patient education
📢 Don’t miss this essential nursing knowledge!
1️⃣ A nurse is caring for a patient with CKD who reports muscle cramps and weakness. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely responsible?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypocalcemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypermagnesemia
2️⃣ A patient with CKD is prescribed a low-protein diet. What is the primary reason for this dietary restriction?
A) Preventing edema
B) Reducing uremic symptoms
C) Lowering potassium levels
D) Managing blood pressure
3️⃣ A CKD patient has a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. What is the nurse’s priority intervention?
A) Encourage potassium-rich foods
B) Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate
C) Restrict fluid intake
D) Monitor for hypercalcemia
4️⃣ Question: A CKD patient’s laboratory results reveal a serum bicarbonate level of 16 mEq/L. Which condition does this value most likely indicate? Options:
A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
C) Respiratory alkalosis
D) Respiratory acidosis
5️⃣ Question: During a teaching session, a nurse explains dietary modifications to a patient with CKD experiencing hyperphosphatemia. Which recommendation is most appropriate? Options:
A) Increase intake of phosphorus-rich foods to balance calcium levels.
B) Limit high-phosphorus foods such as dairy products, nuts, and processed meats.
C) Eliminate protein entirely from the diet.
D) Increase fluid intake to flush out excess phosphorus.
6️⃣ Question: A patient with CKD is prescribed an ACE inhibitor as part of the treatment plan. What is the primary renal benefit of using an ACE inhibitor in this patient? Options:
A) It dilates the afferent arteriole to increase the glomerular filtration rate.
B) It dilates the efferent arteriole, thereby reducing intraglomerular pressure.
C) It enhances sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
D) It directly stimulates erythropoietin production.
1️⃣ ✅ Answer: B) Hypocalcemia📌 Rationale: CKD often results in decreased calcium levels due to impaired vitamin D metabolism, leading to muscle cramps and weakness.
2️⃣ ✅ Answer: B) Reducing uremic symptoms📌 Rationale: A low-protein diet helps reduce nitrogenous waste accumulation, minimizing uremia in CKD patients.
3️⃣ ✅ Answer: B) Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate📌 Rationale: Hyperkalemia is dangerous, and this medication helps remove excess potassium.
4️⃣✅Answer: B) Metabolic acidosis 📌 Rationale: Normal serum bicarbonate levels range from 22 to 28 mEq/L. A level of 16 mEq/L is indicative of metabolic acidosis—a common finding in CKD due to the kidneys’ reduced ability to excrete acid and regenerate bicarbonate.
5️⃣✅Answer: B) Limit high-phosphorus foods such as dairy products, nuts, and processed meats.📌 Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete phosphate. Limiting foods high in phosphorus helps manage serum phosphate levels and reduces the risk of secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy.
6️⃣✅ Answer: B) It dilates the efferent arteriole, thereby reducing intraglomerular pressure📌. Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce intraglomerular pressure by dilating the efferent arteriole. This mechanism helps slow the progression of kidney damage in patients with CKD.
